CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS I A UM MI KAN LAI UNAU HNA KONG David Cung Bik Ling
Bawmram as posted in Rungcin
Kan Chin mi phun chuakehnaak , kan
rak umnaak hmun le ram kong a kan ttial piak in a kan chim tu cu ,
ram dang in a hung kan uktu miphun dang a si mi hna :
Mirang ukbawi pawl (British Adminisrators), Minung chuahkehnaak kokek a hlat
tu pawl (Antropologists/Ethnologists), Pathian thawngttha bia a kan
chim tu Siangbawi pawl (Misionnaries ), le kan Chinmi Tuanbia
hlat pawl (Chin Researchers/Chin Historians ) an si.
Hi hnu hmailei ah cun , kan Chin
miphun chung hrim hrim hin , Archaeology ( Hlan thil hlun umtuning
hngalh thiamnaak ) , Linguistics ( Holh umkalning ) le Ethnomusicology an
ti mi a cawng a thiamni tampi an hung um ve te lai i , cu hna
nih unau chuakkhat kansining kong tlamtling deuh te in
an kan chimh khawh nawlh tthan te lai , ti mi ruah channaak tampi ngeih
bu he, Bangladesh ram , Chittagong Hill Tracts um kan unaule
le miphun dang an kong hngalh khawh tawk in ka hun
ttial.
Halkha, Falam, Thantlang peng ram chung in kan
Chin ( Lai ) miphun, Bawmram (Bangladesh ) le Mizoram lei i khua
a vung tla tu hi tthen ( 4 ) ah tthen hna uh si law , a hmasabik khuathar
a vung tla tu hi Pu Van Hnuai Thlir - Hlawn Ceu -
Sunthla Bawi a si, ti asi. Mangkheng in Bawinu tiva
pi cu Saisihchuak zawn in a run tan i , chimlei a
hun hrawn hluahmah i Rengtlang
ah khua an ser. Cu lio i amah
he khuatla tti mi hna cu : Tlanglau , Bawm
, Pang ( Pangho) le Miria phun pawl hi an si. Rengtlang
ah saunawn khua an sak hnu ah duhsah in an
i thhendarh hna i, tu chun ni i an umnaak hmun le ram cio ah hin
an phan.
A chang tu phu ( 2 ) hnihnaak
ah Cawngthia khua mi Pu Phunhnawm Tlangchan,
Pu Bawilawm Tintthe le Pu Zabiak Famcun an
si. Tipi ( Bawinu tiva pi ) an hun tan
i Sangau le chim Vanlaiphai le
Phawngpi tlang hram Vombuk khua hi an
mah tlaak mi khua an si. Cu ca-ah, chim Vanlaiphai
zong Phunhnawm Vanlaiphai tiah tu chun ni tiang an ti hnawhchannaak
a si.
Phu ( 3 ) thumnaak ah Lungzarh
khua in Cinzah le Khenglawt , Khuafo khua in
Hnialum , Famcun , Mualcin le Zinhlawng hi an si. Cu hna
cu, Champhai lei fuh in Tiau an hun tan
i, chim lei an hun zawh thluahmah i Bungzung
, Hmar Vanlaiphai , Perilung , Lungrang , Khuanghlum , Cherhlun ah
khua an hungsa. Cherhlun in Thingsai, chim Vanlaiphai
, Sangau ah , Sangau in Lungtian ah. Lungtian
in hmun dang dang ah khuaan vungsa, an i darh.
Phu ( 4 ) linaak i
tipi raal lei ah khua a vung tla
mi hna cu Thlantlang Hlawnching Nithang hrin
Pu Thawnglian phu an si. Thlantlang in
Chuarlung tlangdung in Serkawn ah um hmun
an vung khuar. A hnu ah Pu Thawnglian a unau pa Pu
Lianchia Khamrei thlah a hung i fon ve.
Cu hna nih cun Saiha le a pawng
kam khua pawl an hung luah ve hna.
Chinram nitlaak thlanglei , Bengal rili
( tuifingriat ) raal kam i a um mi ram cu Bangladesh
ram an ti mi a si . Cu ram in nichuah chim lei zawn
Chinland ( Burma ) le Mizoram ( India ) ramri aa tonnak tlangthlun
Ram min cu Chittagong Hill Tracts an ti. Cu kaa hmun
kan phaak ah , ngamh te in a kan kom mi le kan unau nan si ti in a kan
daw mi miphun rual an um. Cu hna cu : Bawm le Pangkhua, Khumi
le Khyang , Maria ( Mru ), Lusei mi phun hi an si.
Kan Lai phun hawi cheukhat cu, A.D kum 1600 - 1700 karlak hrawng ah hin Thlanrawn khua le a pawngkam ah an rak um. Cu kaa in Hlawnzang ( a tu ah cun Thlantlang in Thantlang tiah a min an thlen ) khua le a velchum hrawng ah an rak i thawn. Cu hnu in Hriangkhan , Zophei ram , Lautu , Hautheng , Capi khua hrawng ah khin an vung i tthial tthan. Hi caan lio ah Hlawnceu phun
Pu Vanhnuaithlir cu ram ttha le sa ttha kah khawhnaak
hmun ttha kawl duh ah hmar ( Khuathlang ) lei kal
aa tim. Hi lio ah hin a mah cu Halkha ( Haka ) le Fartthawk
( Falam ) kar Mangkheng khua i a um lio
a si. Cu ti in tu chun ni i an phun min ah Bawm, Tlanglau
e Pangkhua tiah aa ko mi ( Lai mi a phun khat
hawinau ) rual nih Pu Vanhnuaitlir cu
an hun zulh ve. Tio raal an phaak
hnu in Pangkhua ah khua an hung sa. Cu kaa (
Pangkhua ) ah saunawn an um hnu in tthen
khat cu Chim lei an panh i , tthen khat
nih Hmar lei an vung panh.
Rengtlang an ti mi Tlang ngan
pi le apawng kam i khua vung ser ding
in le hmun hma va khuar ding in an i
thawh. Asinaan , a cheuchum cu Ngharumtlang
, Saisihtlang , le Muallianpitlang vel ah um hmun an khuar, cu kaa-ah
cun an tang ta. A cheu cu tuanhmasa deuh hmai kal pawl, Rengtlang
lei a va panh mi hna he va i ton khawh
lo in Chittagong chak lei Saical ( Saichal
) tlang tiang an vung liam. Cu hna cu PANG le BAWM
aa ti mi hi an si. Cu lio i an
Bawi an hruai tu cu Pu Rualsailo fapa Pu Zawllian
a si. Cu kaa ah cun khua an ser / tlaak i ,
Ram an i tthen. Saisih tlang le a vel chum cu
PANG nih an uk. An Bawi cu Lalchuahchun
a si. A fapa cu Sumtinlal a si i , cu i a fa cu Lalropui
a si.
Cu ti in, Muallianpi, Ngharum le Saizawhtlang
cu TLAGLAU nih an uk. An Bawi Cu Pu Zakhup a si. Cun, Kanghmuntlang
hi BAWM nih an uk ve. An Bawi cu Pu Sangal a si i, cu i
a fapa Pu Ceutling i a fa cu Pu Dukimthang asi .
Pu Vanhnuaithlir le a mitthilaang
pawl cu Pang khua in Tipi va a dong le an zul
i Mat chuah thlang Mamte ram ah an lut. Cu kaa ah sau caam
lo in , Khamchungbuk lei ah an hung cho . Pu Vanhnuaithlir nih cun,
Lampi an kalnaak i an cul / tan pah mi ti le ram
pawl cu `` ka ram a si `` tiah
aa ham pah duahmah hna , ti a si. Cu lio
caan cu kaa hrawng i an rak culh mi ram
fing le tlang le tiva hi a ho miphun
hmanh nih rak pen / uk mi ram sirih hna
hlahseh law a dawh. Hmawng dulh pi in a rak um ko rua.
Khamcungbuk ah a hnu
zul cheukhat a chiah ta hna. A tam deuh cu a mah
ho rual in Tlanglianpi lei ah an cho lut.
Tlanglianpi ah cun khua an vung ser. Cu kaa
ah umhmun fek te in an khuar i, a hnuzul pawl he Meithal
( Lai meithal ) , Fei le Na`m hriam tling keng in Theka
tiva zul in an chuk i, Tlabung tipi kam an hel pah hnu ah
Bawrkawrh chaklei Chimtipi Paletue hram an phaak in
uknaak ramri an i ser. Cu kaa tlang pin lei
i Ram ngei Bawi cu Pamang (Bomang) an ti mi a si i, Mawk (Mrang)
le Tuikuk ( teppirah ) miphun hi a mah uk mi an si.
Pu Vanhnuiathlir nih hin
a ram ri leng i a um mi Mawk , Tuikuk (Tripura)
le Matu pawl sin zong ah chiah a va khawlh tawn ,
ti a si. Cu cu Pamang Bawi nih a theih tik ah a thin
a khenh ngai ngai i, `` Zei ruang ah ka mi pawl
sin ah chiah na khawn `` a ti. Cu ruang
ah raal an tho / i do. Cu lio Raal an i do
ningdan bel hi , a phu phu le a khua khua in si lo
in , a ruuk le a paak ( hranpaak ) deuh
in rak i do an si.
Pu Vanhnuithlir hi a
bawi lio ah Khuang vui thum ( 3 ) a cawi , an ti.
A hamsabik ah Sia ( pa zeizat in dah khuang a
cawi hngalh a si lo ) in a cawi. A voi
hnihnak ah Sia tumno za ( 100 ) in khuang
a cawi. A voi thumnaak cu, Arpa khong ( Arhlri ) za 100 in
khuang a cawi. Hi lio i a sin ( inn ) i aa um pi
mi , a mitthilaang nunau rual telh chih in
, an zaapi ah 100 vel an si , ti
si. Cu ti in Pu Vanhnuithlir nih cun a chiah khawnnaak
ah Rengpi zu bel nganpi a hman an ti. Asinaan , cu
Rengpi cu a ngantuk i , a innkaa ah aa tlum lo i , a inn hmai
kutkaa kiang ah an chiah, ti si. ( Laimi
phun nih Zu bel hi phun - 3 in an i ngeih.
Ralcapi , Pupi le Reng , ti in ). Pu Vanhnuithlir nih a chiah
khawn mi chiahnaak i a hman mi hi , a ngan
tuk leng ah a rih tuk fawn ca ah ( an rak i uar tuk
ca ah a si lai dah ) an umnaak khua tlang min
i Tlangnganpi ( Tlanglianpi ) tiah rak auh mi zong cu
Rengtlang ti in min thar an sak i , tu chun ni tiang
in Reng tlang tiah auh len a si thai.
Pu Van hnuaithlir a thih hnu in a bawi sinaak cu a fapa Pu Liankung nih a chaan. Pu Liankung chan ah hin, Pa Mang Bawi he remnaak an tuah . Cu remnaak an tuah mi ah cun Sa Ui an thah i , Pa Mang Bawi nih Pu Liangkung cu i remnaak ca ah Tthipi pa hinh ( 2 ) a peek . ( Pu Liankung nih remnaak ca ah Pa Mang Bawi sin i laksawng a peek mi bel ngalh a si lo ). Cu Ttipi cu Mizoram - Lawngtlai khua mi Pu Lanhlun sin ah a um i, a tu ah cun Assam Chief Minister hlun Pu Charlie sin ah um dawh in an chim. An chim ning ah cun , Bualpi
Cinzah bawi Zahup fapa Pu Liancung nih a pu Pu Lalhlun
- Lawngtlai sin ah ( cu Tthipi cu ) a hal . A ruang
cu , Bualpi Bawi Pu Zahup nupi hi Lawngtlai Hlanwceu Bawi
Lal Hlun farnu a si. Cu i an fa cu Pu Lian Cung
a si. Pu Lian Cung hi Assam Chief Minister
hlun Pu Charlie nih a singinn school kai lio ah a rak zohkhenh
mi a si i , a sianghngakchia zong arak
si ca ah , Pa Mang Bawi nih Pu Lian Kung a rak pek
mi Tthipi cu a rak daw tu pa apu
Charlie cu lawmman ca ah a peek tiah , theih
a si.
Cu ti in Pa Mang Bawi ( Mawk
Raja ) nih Pu Lian Kung cu tlawn ding in a cah nawlh tthan
i , Sia a thah , zu a dah , ti si. Pu Lian Kung cu
Pamang ( Bandarban ) a vung tlawn hnu cun damlo
in a um i , sau nawn a ngawr hnu ah a
thi , an ti.
Pu Lian kung nih fapa Chan Nawn (
San Nawn ) le fanu Lawn Fawm ( Hlawn Fam ) a hrin hna.
Pu Chan Nawn nih fanu fang khat Sung Cuai lawng
a ngeih ca ah le , hlan lio Lai mi kan i ukning phunglam
ah Fapa a si mi lawng lawng nih
Pa le i an Bawi sinaak le an ro thil co khawh
a rak si ca ah , Pu Chan Nawn a thih
hnu in cun Bawm ram ah min ngei in
Bawi a ttuan mi an um ti lo. Cu ca ah,
Pu Lian Kung i a ro thilri le a Bawi
sinaak cu Pu Van Hnuai Tlirh nih nu dang sin
ah a hrin mi Pu Liankung a u Pu Tial Khar
nih a tin co. Pu Lian Kung cu a nun lio ah
Khuang voi - 2 a cawi. Khuang a cawinaak hmun cu Rengtlang le
Sekulh kam Khawper ah a si i, cu hmun cu Lian Kung khuangcawinaak
hmun tiah a tu tiang in min a ngei.
Pu Tial Khar cu sau nun
lo in a thi tuan. A fapa Thing Tu cu a Pa nih a ngakchiat
te in a thihtaak hna caah a nu Mangkir ( Thlantlang Cinzah Bawi fa nu ) cu
khuaruahhar vansaang in a um, ti a si. A fapa
Thing Tu nih le a hngakchia tuk rih , an Pu Lian Kung kha le
Pa Mang Bawi nih a dawih ruang ah a thi mi
a si tiah a ruah tik ah , Bawm ram ah um huam ti
lo in, Saiha Hlawnching Bawi nupi ( Cinzah a unau nu ) sin ah
`` Rung kan la / hruai hna seh `` tiah
bia a cah hna. Thing Tu le a nu cu Hlawnching Bawi, Mathipi
le Nutlai phun nih an vung hruai hna. An
phurh khawh lo mi an thil vel te
kha Miria ram uk tu Pu Ro Hnin sin ah an chiah taak. Cu ti in ,
Pi Mang Kir nih cun hi ti hin biaro a cah taak hna, ti a si.
" Hi thilri pawl hi ka fa pa Thing Tu a zaat tik
ah a laak khawh zat a laak khawh tthan ding in nan rak kil kawi
lai . Cun, kan pu Van Hnuia Tlirh i a chiah khawlhnaak khua le
ram hi Hlawnceu ram a si. Kan rak kir
hlan ah miphun dang Bawi sin ah nan rak peek hna asi ah
cun, kan khuapi Sunthla le Thlantlang le Zahau vial
te nih an rak thah dih hna lai” tiah a cah taak hna. Cu
ruang ah , an pawngkam um miphun dang Bawi reng reng nih an
tawng ngam hna lo, ti si.
Cu ti in, Pi Mang Kir te
cu Saiha ah an va um ta. Saiha in Falam lei kal ding in
an i thawh lampi ah Phawngpi kiang ( Ttialdawng lung tlang
) zawn ah buk an suan i an tang pah.
Cu lio ah cun, Thing Tu farnu Ttial Tthai cu Sangau Bawi Dokhuai ( Pu Do
Khuai hi Halkha Zaa Thang Bawi Pu
Van Tler tupa a si ) nih nupi ah a tthit. Cu ti in
, Pu Thing Tu le a pi nu Mang Kir cu a zaangfak
hna i an sin ah um ve ding in le Buh
rel hnih le Sadar le Kham ( lungpang ) khuai kua pa khat cang ve ding
in Zathang ( Zaa Thang ) Bawi nih Sangau ah
an um ter hna. Sangau ah cun Sachiah le Fathang
ei ve in Bawi an hung cang tthan ve.
Pu Thing Tu nih fapa
pa thum a ngeih. Hai Hmung , Tai Tthio le Van Hnuai Tlirh
an si . Milai pa Tai Tthio cu an
pu Van Hnuai Tlirh ram va zoh khenh ding le va uk
ding in an kal ter. Rengtlang le a pawngkam
khua te Bungtlang tiang in a hung uk hna. Tai Tthio
fa pa hi Lian Vai a si. Lian Vai chan
ah Mirang- Saap ( British ) an kai / phan.
Pu Lian Vai cu Japan le British an i do lio,
vawlei raalpi a voi - 2 naak ( Second World War ) tiang
ah khan a nungdam rih. A ram ah Japan an luh
ca ah Lunglei S.D.O pa sin ah a va kal.
British Bawi nih lawm man ah Meithal thalphiar
laksawng an peek. A pe tu pa cu Lt. Col Person
a si.
Zathang Bawi , Pu Do Khuai nih Sangau
khua an tlaak lio ah hin, Senthang chuak Khupngai Phun
a si mi , Hmunlipi khua i a um Pu No Hnin an ti mi
hi Kutzung thiam ngai mi a si i , Sachiah le Fathang le chiah
dang dang awl ding in , a inn sak pi tu ding ah a
rak kawh . Cu Pu No Hnin thlaan cu a tu tiang hmuh
ding in a um rih. Pu Do Khuai nih fapa Zathang a ngeih.
Zathang ca ah a pu Thing Tu fanu, Van Hnuai Tlir
te an far Khen Thang an tthit piak. Fapa Hmung
Luai an hrin. Hmung Luai cu a nu le pa nih a ngakchiat lio ah an thih
taak i , a pi Ttial Tthai nih Sangau khua
cu tlang a tlaak , ro a rel pi hna.
Cu ti in , Pu Thing Tu fapa Van Hnuai Tlir zong
a hung zaat ( tlangvaal ) ve cang tik ah , Sangau mipi
nih an khua i Bawi bawi hnih ngeih cu a rem an ti lo ca
ah, Hlawn Ceu Bawi tu hi an khua um ter ding in khua an khan. Cu ca ah
Zathang Bawi Pu Hmung Luai cu Pang Khua ah Bawi a hung a si. Pu Hmung
Luai cu fanu fangkhat Sang Tlem lawng a ngei
i , fapa a ngeih lo ca ah Pang Khua Bawi sinaak cu
Pu Chan Nawn nih a co.
Thing Tu fapa upabik pa Pu Hai Hmung
cu Sangau khua in Lawngtlai ram ah Bawi
a vung si. Lawngtlai in cun Mampi ram lei
ah khua tlak awk hmun zoh ding in a va kal. Mampi
ram Tlang tang hmun pa khat ah Riahbuk a va sak i
, cu kaa zawn cu " Hai Hmung Riahbuk hmun "
tiah an auh len / thai.
Cu ti in , Lawngtlai cu a umnaak hmun khuapi
ah a ser. Thingkah, Mampi le Chawntu ram cu a mah uk mi
khua ah an hung cang. Cu lio caan ah cun, a pasal ngai ngai mi
chim lakher Mathip phun Pu Lian Kio an ti mi cu ,
Sai ( Vui ) a kaap ttheo tawn , ti si. Mirang - Sap
an luh kaa a si i , British nih uk hram
an thawk cang ca ah , Sai kah lo ding in nawl
- order an hun chuah ai.
Pu Lian Kio nih Sai a kah ttheomi cu mi cheukhat
nih a thli te in Sap Bawipa Pu Shakespear sin
ah an va phuan / report. Cu tik ah, Pu Sai
Hmung cu Sap Bawi nih cun a kawh i " Ka order na zul duh lo,
na mi pawl Sai na kah ter lengmang hna , a kaap tu pa ka
hmai ah na chuah pi lo ah cun na ram hi ka
tthen dih lai " tiah a ti. Cu thawng pang
a theih cun Pu Lian Kio cu, Pu Hai Hmung naupa Pu
Tai Tthio khua lei ah a zaam. Pu
Hai Hmung khuakhannaak in Pu Lian Kio cu an va kawh.
Asinaan, Pu Lian Kio nih cun hi ti hin a leh hna ti si . " Nan
ka tlaih i Sap hmai i kal pi nan ka timhnaak
cha cun , hi kaa ah ka that ta law law ko uh "
tiah a leh hna. Cu ti a si ah cun tiah, tlaih lo in
Sap Bawipa sin ah cun "A tli diam, kan hmuh kho lo" tiah
an chimh. Sap Bawi pa nih cun " A si kun le, na ram
i tlang tlang 4 ah hin na duhbik
mi pa khat in i thim kun "
a ti. Lawngtlaitlang aa thim. A dang
tlang 3 cu mi dang a peek diam awk hna.
Pu Hai Hmung nih fapa pali
( 4 ) a ngeih. A upacem Tthio Kung cu Bungtlang
ah a bawi. Hi ram hi Pu Hai Hmung nau pa
Pu Tai Tthio i a rak uk cia mi ram a si. Cu ti in Pu Lal
Hlun ( Lal Lun ) nih lawng tlai cu a hung uk.
Pu Hai Hmung fa a chang tu pa cu Ngun Khuai a si i , fa ngeih ta manh
lo in a thi. Pu Lal Hlun hi a patlin a zaat
deuh hlan ah an pa nih a thih taak hna ca ah, a nu
nih Bualpi Bawi Pu Za Hup le khuami upa a kawh
hna i , vok a thah i Ro a tthen hna .
Fahniang bik pa cu , an pu Pu Van Hnuai Tlir nih a roh taak mi hna
" Ngundothiang " le Matu ram le Rengtlang an lo chhawm tha ?
a co ter ve. Cu Ngundothiang cu Pu
Mang Lian sin ah cun a um i, 1980s kum tiang
hrawng ah khan cun hmuh khawh rih a si,
tiah an chim.
BAWM Sunthla le Panghawi Aineh Amlai Bawitlung Buiting Cheulai ( Ceulai ) Charang ( Carang ) Cheurek ( Ceurek - Hlawnceu ) Demrong Cinzah Khualring ( Khualhring ) Dawitlung Kongtaw Hauheng Komlau Lawnsing ( HLawnching ) Lengtawng Lawnceu ( Hlawnceu ) Milu Khenglawt Mitaw Laitak ( Leitak ) Nakaw Lalnam Ichia Laikeng Palang leihang Pawngkeng Maram Rakha Milai Repeche Rengbe Rupichai Rualleng Sailuk Sando ( Chando ) Sakhong ( Sakhawng ) Siarlawn Satek Tenu Sangla Thangtu Samthang Thilum Sangthing Thluathang Shahu Tongir Tipileng Vandir Talaksa Zahau Thangthing Zathang Thangming Bawm aa ti mi hna lak ah Sunthla le Panghawi ti in an um . Hi phun min te te hi hun zoh tik ah , Chinmi chung i laitlai unau a si mi Lai , Hualngo, Pang , Maria , Mara le Khumi, Khiang hrinthlaak chung i aa tel mi kan si dih tu cu a fiang ngai. Cu mi phun cu : Mizoram Lai , Lunglei , Chakma - Districts ah hin le , Chinram Halkha ( Haka ) , Falam , Thantlang ( Thlantlang ) , Matupi le Paletwa peng ramkulh ah hmuh khawh an si i, Bangladesh ram CHT hill tracts ah cun , Bandarban le Rangkamati - Districts chung ah an um i , cu an umnaak ram le khua cu " BAWMRAM " tiah theih a si. Hi zawn ah tlawmpal hun ruah awk a ummi bel cu , Khualring ( Khualhrirng / Khawlhring ) phun an i ti tik ah , kan Lairam ( Chinland ) ah Khualhring tlang a um . Cu tlang thluan ah cun Tahtlang khua, Tikhuangtum khua , Thinghual khua , Tlangkhua , Aibuk khua , Tihbual khua, Mualkai khua, Rulbu khua, Tlang te khua , Sihcang khua , Lungzerh khua , Khuafo khua le Archirbul khua ti in khua 13 ringlo an um. Cu khua i a ummi hna cu Laimi aa ti mi lawng te an si . Cu ca ah , cu Tlang thluan i a rak ummi hna nih an umnaak Tlang min chawn in , an phun min ah Khualring i ti hna seh law a dawh ngai. Hauheng phun min hi, an mah nih cun Zaahau kan si an ti. Hauhulh hrin a si mi Huha phun hi si hna seh law a dawh . Lairam ah Leitak khua
a um. Cu khua i a um mi cu Laimi an si. Cu ca ah, Leitak khua in a
va kal mi hna nih an rak umnaak khua min chawnh in an phun min ah Laitak
tiah i bunh hna seh law a dawh.
Thantlang peng chung i khua min
pa khat cu Tlanglo asi. Cu khua i a ummi hna cu
Lai miphun an si. Asinaan, Mizoram , Lai District ah
Tlanglau aa ti mi phun an um. Lairam an rak um lio ah cun , Vanhawi
phun Laimi an si. Cu phun chung ah Vandir phun an
i tel ve.
Zathang ( Zaa Thang ) hrin pawl cu,
Sangpi , Sangte , Nguntual , Vaingam , Hranglung , Darkhuah - chung
tiah theih mi an si. Bawmram i a um mi Zathang phun
unau laitlai a si mi hna hi a ho hrinsor deuh dah an si
hngalh khawh a si lo. Inn dawng lu 10 -15 kar vel
khuasa cu an um ve. Zathang hrin a si mi nih, Bawmram ah
kan phunkhat unau an um ve ti mi tu nan philh lo awk ah
a ttha.
Lairam ( Chiland ) in Mizoram
le Ctg. Hill Tracts lei an peem hlan ah Pang or Pangho
or Pangkhua ti mi phun min a rak um rih lo. Pang khua hmun ah
hin Pang kung ( Tumpang kung ) tampi a rak um an ti. Cu ruang ah ,
an umnaak khua min cu Pang khua tin an sak. Cu khua i a tang
ta mi le cu khua in hmun dang ah a kal mi hna
nih cun , an hawi dang sin ah Pangkhua in a ra / hung mi, Pangkhua
ah a um mi kan si tiah an i chim tawn. Ni le Thla le Kum an liam
hluah mah i, khuacaan a hung rauh deuh tik ah cun, cu Khua i
a um mi le Laimi phun an hawi le zong nih
" Pang khua mi kan / an si " tiah , auhnaak
in, a hnu ah miphun min ah aa chuah. Pang aa ti mi hna lak ah
Hualngo phun chung i phun min te te zong an um.
Bandarban Dist. chung ah, Inn tung/dawng 10s in 150s ringlo Bawm umnaak khua 62 a um i , Bawm aa ti mi lawng lawng umnaak khua hi , khua 30 in 40 kar vel cu an si lai dah. Rakhine miphun Chittagong le Chittagong Hill Tracts an phaak ning Chittagong Hill Tracts i
a ummi miphun lak ah Bangali phun chim telh lo in
cun Chakma chang ah Rahkhine miphun
hi a tambik chang tu an si. Bangali miphun nih
Chittagong Hill Tracts a um mi Rakhine miphun
cu Mogh ( Mahg) ti in an auh hna .
Kawl ( Burmese ) nih Yakhine ti in an hngalh
hna i , Mirang ( English ) nih Arakan ti in le Bawm
le a dang miphun nih Marang ti in an
auh hna naan, an mah nih cun Rakhine
mi phun kan si an i ti. An i chimning ah , Rakhine cu Rakha
ti mi an holh biafang in a ra mi a si i , a
sullam cu : " to safe-guard the culture of the nation "
ti a sawh.
Tu chun ni i CTHs i
a ummi Rakhine miphun a tam deuh hi cu, Kawl
Singpahrang (Burmese King Bowdophaya ) nih kum 1785, 12th January
ni thla ah , Kawlram chung i Rakhine ram vial
te a tuklaak dih hnu i a hung tli zaam mi, raalzaam
pawl le Nandabareng ( King of Pegu , Mon ) a tupa
Koung Hla Phroo le a mitthilaang rual an si.
An miphun an i ukning le an
Siangpahrang chan an relning hi , B.C. chan in A.D.
chan - Dhannyawadi Era , We-tha-li Era , Pin -Sa-Era .......etc.
tiang in an tuan bia a um i , Dannywadi
(Mrouk-U ) Third era , A.D. 1404 to 1784 period -
chan , kum 1599 ah Mun Raja Gree ( King
of Rakhine ) nih Thai Siangpahrang ( King of Thai
- Siam ) aa rawih i , Hantawadi Pegu (Pegu Kingdom )
ram cu a va tuk , a tei dih hnu ah mi 3000
ringlo le Nanda Sianpahrang ( King Nanda of Pegu
, Mon Country ) pa i a fapa le pahnih ( 2 ) le a
fanu pakhat ( 1) zong a tlaih chih hna i , Rakhine
ram ah a kal pi hna. A fanu ( Prince Shein Thwee
Naung ) cu a nupi ah aa ser.
An kong an i ttial ning ah cun ,
10th century A.D. vel hrawng hin Chittagong
le a pawng kam ram pawl cu voi tampi
Rahkine nih an tuk / tei lengmang cang , ti a si.
1459 A.D kum ah Chittagong khuapi cu Rakhine Siangpahrang
( King of Rakhine ) uknaak tang ah a tla. Rakhine Siangpahrang
uknaak tang ah kum 100 ringlo a um.
Rakhine Siangpahrangpa a fanu
cu Mon Siangpahrang fapa Prince Mong Sow Pru
(Maung Saw Phyo ) he an i um i ,
a mah a farnu zong cu Rakhine Siangpahrang pa nih
a tthit ve tik ah, kap hnih in Pu le Tu an hung si dangai ah, Mong
Sow Pru cu CHT va zoh khenh ding in Bawi sinaak (Governor of
Chittagong) rian 1614 kum ah a
peek. Cu i a uk mi khua le ram cu Chittagong khua le a
pawng kam ram a simi Noakhali le Bangarkhari districts an si.
Cu lio caan ah cu kaa hrawng ah cun Portuguess miphun (
Portuguess pirates ) pawl le Mughals pawl
hi chawlehnak hmun ttha le ram ngeih duh ah
biatak te in raal an hraang lengmang , ti si.
Cu raal pawl cu Prince Mong Sow Pru
le a raalkap nih an tei khawh leng mang hna ca ah , Rakhine Siangpahrang
nih a cung ah a lung aa lawm i Boh - Mong - Gree ( Bu Miin Kyii
) Field Marshall title min a peek.
Cu caah, cu i a tefale zong tu chun ni tiang in
Bomang or Bu Mang tiah kawh an si thai.
Hlan ah cun , Bandarban Dist. chung i a ummi Bawm
kan unau hna le a dang nih cun , Bandanban ah kan kal lai an ti lo, Pamang
ah kan kal lai , an ti ttheu.
Asinaan , 1666 kum ah CHTcu " Mughal Subadar
Shaista Khan " nih a tei i , Mughal ( Mugul ) empire uknak tang
ah a tla . Cu kaa i a um mi Rakhine mitampi cu an ram ah an zaam. Prince
Mong Sow Pru i a tuchin fapar pa ( Prince Kong Hla Pru
- the fifth Boh-Mong ) hi 1756 ah
Rakhine ram ah a va i dup, a tli ve. Mirang ( British East India
Company ) nih Mughal uknaak cu a tei i 1760 kum
ah Mirang nih uknaak an laak.
A cung lei i ka ttial bang , 1785 kum ah
Kawl Singpahrang Bowdowphya nih Rakhine ram
a tuk lio ah hin , raal tuknak i slogan
a rak hman mi cu " Kill Rakhine like cutting tree
without leaving any roots " ti bak a rak si i , kum 4
chung ah Rakhine 236000 ringlo a rak thah / phul hna ,
ti si. Kawl pawl nih Rakhine pawl cung i
lungput an rak ngeih ning hun ruah ah cun khuaruahhar ngai a rak si.
Kawl Singpahrang chan lio i " Rakhine le Rul nan hmuh tti
hna a si ah cun , Rakhine thah hmasa ding " ti mi
bia te hna an chim mi zong theih a si tawn.
Mughul cu Mirang nih a tei tthan caah le, Kawl
raal ttih ah Rahkine ram i a tli zaam mi pawl
cu CHT le Cox`s bazaar le a pawngkam Harbung
hrawng ah an rak kiar tthan hna. Cu ti in,
Boh Mong Kong Hla Pru zong cu CHT ah a kir tthan ve i ,
a tu Bandarban ah hin um hmun a khuar. Cu lio
i Governor General of Bangal Bawi cu Mr. Warren
Hasings a si. Bomong nih 1822 kum ah East Indian
Company he pehtlaihnaak a tuah i , Boh-Mong-Htawng
ah a Bawi sinaak an theih pi.
Htawng ti mi a sullam cu : kan holh
ah cun Thong or Athong or Thongkhat or Saang or Asaang or Saangkhat
tinaak asi ko. hi zawn ah `` Setting up of villages and
towns in groups of thousands `` ti mi a sawh. Htawng
cu Chief or Raja uknaak tang ah a um i ,
Mouza cu Headman tang ah a um. Karbari cu
Bangali holh a si i , mirang nih Manager an ti duhnak
khi a si. Khuate pa khat i khua bawi
asiloah khua upa a ttuanmi khi Karbari
an ti hna. Mong i a sullam cu : Kawl holh in Miin tinak
a si i , Lai holh in cun Bawi or Uktu tinaak
a si. Mirang in Ruler ti a si hnga.
Tuan deuh ah cun Bomang Circle ( Bandarban District
) , Chakma Circle ( Rangamati District ), Mong Circle ( Kangachari
District ) ti si lo in , Bomong Htanwg , That Htwang ,
Palan Htawng tiah an ti hna. Cu hna cu
, Bomang Raja , Chakma Raja le Mong Raja uknak tang ah
an um.
CHT ram chaklei ( Northern
Chittagong ) i a um , miphun tam deuh cu Teppera ( Tripura ) an si.
An mah dang te in khua a sa mi an si i , an nih i an Bawi
( Raja ) cu Tripura State , Indiram i a um mi khi a si. Asinaan,
Mirang ( British ) nih uknaak ttha te in le ningcang deuh in an hun
remh tik ah , Teppera pawl le Rakhine umnaak hmun ram cu
" Mong Circle " tiah a thar in an tuah piak hna. Rakhine miphun
a si mi pa Kyow Zaw Than cu Bawi ah an chiah.
Cu pa cu Mong Raja ti in an auh ve. Palan ti
in an kawh duh hnawhchannaak cu ; cu kaa i a um mi
Rakhine miphun nih " Palan Coung " hi kan chuahkehnak ,
kan ratnak hmun a si an ti i , a tu an umnaaak
zong cu Palan Htawng an ti venaak a si. Cu hmun cu
Burma ram chung , Rakhine ( Yakhine ) ram chaklei ah a um , an
ti.
Lushai expedition ( Luseiram an tuk ) lio
ah , Bandarban i Bawi a ttuan mi Bumong Gree Thet-Hnan
Nyo Chan le a mi nih Mirang pawl an rak bawmh hna . Lam
hruai tu le thawngpang hlathlai tu ah an rak i hmang .
Districts Census Statistics BBS. Dhaka nih an chuah mi Milu relnaak Ca , a tang lei ttialning bang hin ka hun telh chih. CHT Dlevelopement Board , Population in Ctg. Hill Tracts ( 1872 to 1991 ) Year 1872 1901 1951 1981 1991 Bangali 1097 8762 26150 304873 473301 Tribal groups 61957 116000 261638 441776 505159 Chakma 28097 44392 133075 230273 258628 Tongcenya Marma 22060 30706 35889 122734 142338 Tripura 8100 23342 37246 54375 61129 Mru (Maria) 2378 10540 1612 1 17811 22041 Bawm 305 696 977 5733 6978 Riang ----- ----- 1011 ----- 4011 Pangkhua 177 241 627 2278 3227 Khiang 306 416 13 00 1422 1950 Khumi 534 1053 19 41 1188 1241 Lushai ----- 678 3341 1041 662 Chak ----- ----- ----- 910 2000 Others ----- ----- ----- ------ 954 Total 63054 124762 287688 746649 978460 Bangali 2% 7% 9% 42% 49% Tribal groups 98% 93% 91% 59 % 51% Bangladesh ram an i ukning tuanbia tawi Bangladesh ram an Zocah a min " Peopele`s
Republic ofBangladesh ". An ram 55,598 sq. mi. a kau i, minung
million 130,000,00 vel an um. An khualipi cu Dhaka a si.
Achang ah Chittagong. An ram hman mi holh cu Bangla
a si. Bangali 98% , Biharis 250,000 , Tlangmi tribal le a dang miphun
1..5 % an um. Muslim biaknaak a bia mi 83% , Hindu 16%
an si i , 1% hrawng hi Buddhist le Christian
le Biaknaak dang a bia mi an si.
Vawleicung ( Laikulh ) Kumrelning in kan chim
a si ah cun , B.C. chan in Indian Sub-continent chung i a ummi ram a rak
si i , cu lio i an ram min cu Vanca or Bangka an ti. Cu lio chan ah
cun Buddhist biaknaak a rak leng ngai , am ram ah. Asinan,
10th century A.D. hrawng hin Hindu biaknaak nih an ram
a culh dih. 1576 kum thawk in Moghul ( Empire
) uknaak tang ah a tla i , cu thawk in Muslim biaknaak
an ram ah a lut i , tu chun ni tiang Muslim ram ah aa chuah thai.
Mirang uknaak tang ah 1760 in 1947 tiang an
um.
I947 kum ah Mirang nih India rampi luatnaak (indipendent
) a peek. Cu lio i India Subcontinent chung i a um mi Muslim
biaknaak a bia mi West Pakistan le East Pakistan (
Bangladesh ) zong a dang te in Mirang nih ram zalennak
a peek ve hna
Asinaan , East Pakistan ( Bangladesh )
ram mi Pu Sheik Mujibur Rahman an ti mi pa nih political party
`` East Pakistan`s Awami League `` 1949 kum ah a
dirh i , cu party nih cun March 26,1971 kum ah Bangladesh
ram dirh ding in an puang declare i raal an tho. Cu raal an thawh
lio i Pakistan raalkap nih a thah mi hna le an i kahnaak i a thi mi
Bangali 1 million ringlo an si i , 10 million
vel hi India lei ah an zaam. India raalkap nih East
Pakistan ( Banladesh ) cu a bawmh hna i Dec. 16, 1971 ah West Pakistan
cu an tei hna. " People Rebuplic of Bangladesh" tiah
ram cozah ( govt. ) thar a chuak. Pu Seik Mujibur Raman nih a
hruai hna. 1975 kum ah Pu Raman cu a kut tang
Bangladesh raalkap bawi cheukhat nih pro -India
na si ti in an puh i an kah / thah. Cu hnu ah ,
Pu Zia ur - Raman nih ram President sinaak a tlaih.
A mah zong cu 24 , March 24 , 1982 kum ah an kah ve hawi.
Gen. Hossain Mohammad Ershad , bangladesh army chief of staff
pa nih ram President sinaak a hun tlaih tthan
i an nih zong cu, Dec. 6 , 1990 kum ah a ram mipi nih
zaangrah in an dinh ter . Sau-ial lunginn (Thong inn )
jail ah a ngio / tang ve. Cozah thar Bangladesh National
Party ( BNP ) nih Cozah sinaak an tlaih . Prime Mininister
Pi Khalida Zia ( President Zia Ur - Raman nupi ) nih a hruai hna. 1996
Kumah Bangladesh Awami Leauge Party nih Cozahsinak an laak i, Prime Minister
Pi Shiekh Hasina Wazed ( Pu Sheik Mujibur Raman fanu ) nih a hruai
hna . A tu ah cun , BNP party nih Cozah sinaak an
tlaih.
East Bangal Company kut in
1860 kum ah Britist Govt. nih uknaak a laak i , Suprintendent
nih a tlaih. Chakma Raja le Bomang Raja an Bawi ( Chief
) sinaak officially in an pom piak hna.
1884 kum ah CHTs cu uknaak hmun tthen 3 ah
an tthen . Uknaak hmun thar an beet mi cu Mong Circle asi.
1900 kum ah `` Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulations
Atcs `` tiah uknaak daan British nih a dang
te in a ser piak hna i , " Excluded Area" ah an chiah.
Kum 1919 in " Distircts of the Hill Tracts of Chittagong
" tiah min thar a pu i , Deputy Commisioner kut tang ah a um.
1880 - 83 kum chung ah , CTHs ram cheunga i cheukhat 1/5 cu
forest reserve area ca ah an hual. 1921 kum
ah British Govt. nih " backward tract " ti in
an declared i , totally excluded area
a hung si i , Bangali pawl le a lengmi miphun dang
Ctg. Hill tracts ah inntung bunh in khuasak chawhlehnaak
nawl an kham / phih hna . Cu ti in , 1947 kum tiang
British uknaak tang ah a um.
1947 kum ah , India le Pakistan ram
cu British uknaak tang in luatnaak- Independent an la i
, Cu tik ah Bangladesh ram zong Pakistan he ram khat siding
in Cozah an dirh. East and West Pakistan ti asi. Cu ca
ah , CHTs zong cu East Pakistan ( Bangladesh ) ram kulh chung
ah telh chih a si ve.
British Cozah nih Indepentdent a peek hna lai
ah, Sir Cyril Radcliff ho in Boundary Commission an formed
i, Bangal le Punjab - Provinces ramri tthen piak an si. Ctg.Hill
Tracts an hruai tu hna le " Hill People`s Association and the Hillmen`s
Association " bu nih a dang te in luatnaak Independent
laak kan duh, Cu ti a rem lo a si le, India ram kulh chung ah
um kan du deuh, Muslim ram kulh chung i umnaak cun , tiah
British govt. an chimh hna. Refrendom an laak. Muslim umtamnaak
Sylhet Districts, Assam Province, le North West Frontier Provinces
ah refrendom an tuah. Muslim ram a simi Pakistan ramkulh
chung ah i tel ding in thimfung vote an thlaak. Asinaan , Ctg. Hill
Tracts um mipi hnatlaak pinaak um lo in, Rafcliffe Commission nih
India le Pakistan Independent a peek hnu hna, a ni
li naak ah Chittagong Hill Tracts cu East Pakistan
ram kulh ah telh luh a sinaak an thanh / puan.
Pakistan uknaak chan, 1957 - 1963 kum chungah
Rangkamati Districts chung i um mi "Kaptai Lake" cu hydroelectric project
ca ah an dil i , minung 100,000 ringlo an lo inn hmun
acres 54,000 Ti an dil mi nih a
khuh dih cikcek. Mizoram , Tlabung ramri tiang a va i dil. Cu ruang
ah 40,000 ringlo Chakma India lei ah an peem , ti
si.
1971 kum dongh lei ah , East Pakistan cu
West Pakistan in aa tthen i , Bangladesh ti in ram thar a hung
diar. Asinaan , Ctg. Hill Tracts ummi pawl
ca-ah Bangladesh Cozah nih a hlei in zei pipa
hmanh a tuah piak lo. Mirang le Pakistan cozah chan i
Raja pawl an nawl ngeihnaak tu duhsah in a hrawh piak hna
tik ah , Cu cu an duh ve lo i, 1972 kum ah Chakma pawl
hruainaak in Chittagong Hill Tracts People`s United Party
( PCJSS ) bu an dirh. Cu bu cu 1976 kum ah
meithal an tlai i , CHTs luatnaak ca ah ti in raal
an tho. CHTs uknaak cu " Deputy Commissioner of
Chittagong Division " tang ah an chiah.
President Ershad chan , 1989
kum ah " Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulations of 1900 "
cu an hrawh i " Districts Council Law " thar an tuah piak
hna. Cu Council members ah cun , Cgt. hill tracts a um mi phun
- tribes vial te telh dih an si . Sihmanhseh law , Bangla
Cozah i transmigration policy a thup i an ser mi cu , an Council
Law nih kham khawhnaak nawl power a ngei lo. 1979 in 1983
kum chung ah Ctg. hill tracts i a lut - settlers
mi Bangali 400,000 ringlo an hung si. Pu Laldeng hruai
mi Mizo National Front ( MNF ) nih, Bandarban Districts chung
i kan unau hna Bawm le Maria umnaak ram ah Kum 1970s in 1986
tiang an um hnawh hna. Cu ti in an umnaak ram CHT ah ,
Santi Bahaini (PCJSS army wing ) pawl Ram raal an hraang,
MNF pawl nih le kum 15 ringlo an um hnawh tik hna ah, Bawmram
mipi nih harnaak tampi an tuar / tong.
Kum 20 ringlo a rauh hnu December 2 , 1997 kum ah Pu Santu Larma Chakma hruaimi Santi Bahaini ( JSS ) le Pi Sheikh Hisina hruaimi Awami Leauge Cozah ( Govt.) cu, remdaihnaak peace accord an tuah. Cu peace agreement an ngeih mi ah pom ding in JSS nih an hal mi hna mirang Ca in ttial mi ka hun telh chih. The main demand of the JSS were : 1. Regional autonomy for the
Chittagong Hill Tarcts as one of administrative and political unit named
Jummaland , headed by an elected Regional Council with legilative power and
constitutional recognition of the identity of the Jummma
peoples.
2. Withdrawal of all security forces from Chittagong
Hill Tracts , with the exception of the BDR (Bangladesh Rifiles
= boder security ) camps.3. Removal of settlers from Chittagong Hill Tracts and restoration of land to origional owners. 4. A general amnesty and proper rehabilitation of members of the JSS. 5. Repatriation and proper rehabilitation of the refugees from India and under the supervition of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) and the International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ). Regional Autonomy ca ah Regional Council members 22 an um i , cu hna cu : Composition of the Regional Council : Chairperson ( man ) .......................... 1 Members Tribal ( men ) ................... 12 Chakma ............................................ 5 Marma ......................................... 3 Tripura ......................................... 2 Mrung / Tangchongya ..................... 1 remaining 6 ' tribes ' ..................... 1 Members Tribal ( women ) ................ 2 Members non-tribal ( men ) ............... 6 Members non-tribal ( women ) .......... 1 Total seates ........................................ 2 2 Chittagong Hill Tracts ram kulh pumpi cu : 5, 089 sq.miles a kau. 2, 351 sq.miles (Rangamati District ) 1, 738 sq.miles (Bandarban District ) 1, 000 sq.miles (Khangkachari District ) Tlang a sannaak bik hmun cu Bandarban Dist. chung ah a um. Keokadong tlang ( Kyokara Tong - Stony Mountain ) 4,034 ft. a sang. Chittagong Hill Tarcts Regional Council
chungtel pawl an tthutnaak zung office cu Rangamati
khua ah a um. Chairman Pu Santu Larma Chakma nih a hruai
hna. Remdaihnak peace agreement an hun tuah bang , ' CHTs Regional
Act 1998 ' cu Parliament nih May 6, 1998 kum ah an
pom . Asinaam, Bangali pawl kan ti ttheu cu, hnatlaknaak an ngeih
mi chung i ttial mi word - biafang le sentence - biatlang hmanning
, khat lei hnatlakpinaak um lo in , an mah siaremning in an remh tthan.
Cu ruang ah an buai pah lawng silo-in, raalzaam (refugees) pawl kong ah si
seh, Bangla raalkap camps tthial ding kong le, Bangali
nih raalzaam pawl hmun an luah mi cungcang ah , felfai
in hnatlaknaak an ngei kho lo. An buai ngai rih. Cu dungdang
ah cun , Bangladesh National Party ( BNP ) nih Cozah sinaak
a hun laak tthan i , ‘‘ Ctg. hill tracts peace
accord tuah mi kan nih kan pom lo ’’ ti in an hung aau tik
ah, zei dirhmun ah khin dah an phaak khawh te tthan lai
cu, a hun le a caan tu nih chimh tthan te ding kan si te lai e.
Hi leicung nunaak in a kan liamtaak cang
mi , a kan daw tu Bawm kan Pa Pu Lalhngak le kan hawikom dawt a si mi Tlangvaal
Romawi philh lonaak ca ah le, hmun dang ram dang i a ummi phun khat Laitlai
vial te nih , million za le sawmthum ringlo minung umnaak ram ah , harnaak
le retheih phunzaa tong bu in phun a dirh kamh
mi kan miphun hawi unau an um hngalh cio awk ve ding
ah , lungthiang te in ka hun phai mi a si.
Cherhchan laakmi Cabu 1. Laihnam Tobul ( Lawngtlai , Lai District Council - 1988 ! ) 2. The Voice of Rakhine, Rakhine Student Organization of Bangladesh ( 1987 ) 3. Hill People on the Border of Bangladesh , Dr. Lorenz G. Löffler ( 1990 ) 4. The Bawms , Forest Wandering Tribe of Chittagong Hill Tracts , Zirkung Shahu ( 1998 ) 5. Interaction of Christianity with the Socio-Cultural and Religious Life of the Bawm Tribe with Reference to Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh , B.D.THESIS , 2000 . Lallungrual Bawm 6. Lairam ah Laimi kan phaaknaak , Pu Ro Thang , M.P , 7. `` Life Is Not Ours `` : Land and Human Rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts , Bangladesh , The Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission , 2000 8. Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the Cittagong Hill Tracts , Bangladesh , Rajkumari Chandra Roy ( LL.B , LL..M ) , 2000 9. The Time Almanac , 2000 |